The indexical and the concept of medium specificity. By the end of the 1990s, medium specifi city had regained considerable force within the emerging discourse on digital media yet was still frequently accompanied by some form of defensiveness. Sensitivity also called the true positive rate, the recall, or probability of detection in some fields measures the proportion of actual positives that are correctly identified as such e. Compared to force plates, photoelectric cell systems present a similar level of validity and they provide excellent testretest reliability for the estimation of the jump height glatthorn et al. It is that which appropriates the techniques, forms, and social significance of other media and attempts to rival or refashion them in the name of the real. Medium specificity and productive precursors defi ning the formal specifi city of televisionits unique combination of segmentation and endless fl ow. The values of sensitivity and specificity are agnostic to the percent of positive cases in the population of interest as opposed to, for example, precision. Specificity was lower in the intervention group than in the control group. Jun 19, 2017 likelihood ratios may be more useful clinically, but sensitivity and specificity are more widely reported. Medium specificity with the introduction of digital film and video, dvds, the internet, and multimedia, video may become, retrospectively, an intermediary stage between cinema and digital media. Sensitivity and negative predictive value are equal e.
In art theory, the artistic media have been in the center of the discussion between clement greenberg and rosalind krauss, and functional to the definition of. Positive and negative predictive values are equal c. Use our sample sensitivity and specificity calculator. As early as 1776 gotthold ephraim lessing contends that an artwork, in order to be successful, needs to adhere to the specific stylistic properties of its own medium. Every time i go to express this concept in writing, i struggle over which preposition is the more appropriate and more precise. How the specificity principle applies to sports training. The specificity of media in the arts noel carroll i the ideawhich i shall call the mediumspecificity thesisthat each art form, in virtue of its medium, has its own exclusive domain of development was born in the eighteenth century, almost at the same time that the distinctions between the aesthetic and the nonaesthetic and between the. We will calculate sensitivity and specificity for different cut points for hypothyroidism. The specificity principle simply states that training must go from highly general training to.
Sensitivity and specificity of parallel or serial serological. The mediumspecificity thesis that says each art form has its own domain of expression and exploration is discussed. Doane indexicality and the concept of medium specificity shroud. Statistical specificity it is not enough, in other words, to think of index term specificity solely in setting up an index vocabulary, as having to do with accuracy of concept representation. The specificity principle and sport skill learning. Peirces concept of index is well defined by esteemed semiotician, daniel chandler, as being. Understand the difference between tests conducted under ideal conditions vs real conditions 4. The terms sensitivity and specificity were introduced by the american biostatistician jacob yerushalmy in 1947. In africa, serological testing for hiv infection is both expensive and difficult to obtain and so a study sought to assess the value of regional lymph node enlargement, by site. Theorists devised a justification for the art of photography that positioned it against its competitor, painting.
Intruduction diagnosis tests include different kinds of information, such as medical tests e. Yerushalmys pioneering work 1 on observer variability in the interpretation of chest roentgenograms initiated a stillexpanding interest in the evaluation of the diagnostic process. Traditionally, to help understanding sensitivity, specificity and predictive values, the best method for explanation is based on 2 u 2 contingency table. The paraindexicality of the cinematic image openedition journals. Sep 22, 2015 samples from 98 cases and 1,327 noncases were included. The ability of the test to identify correctly those who. Learn from sensitivity and specificity experts like frontiers and international journal for scientific research and development ijsrd.
This work is licensed under a creative commons attribution. When applying the idea of mediumspecificity, the properties of the. Specificity is the principle of training that states that sports training should be relevant and appropriate to the sport for which the individual is training in order to produce a training effect. When tests were used in parallel combination, sensitivity attained 99. Eric ej333646 the specificity of media in the arts. Sensitivity and specificity are statistical measures of the performance of a binary classification test, also known in statistics as a classification function, that are widely used in medicine. Journal of aesthetic education, v19 n4 p520 win 1985. The specificity of media in the arts noel carroll i the ideawhich i shall call the medium specificity thesisthat each art form, in virtue of its medium, has its own exclusive domain of development was born in the eighteenth century, almost at the same time that the distinctions between the aesthetic and the nonaesthetic and between the. May 01, 2007 the indexical and the concept of medium specificity.
Adopting this idea from turnofthecentury modernism. Get unlimited access to the best stories on medium and support writers while youre at it. Today, it could be argued, it is the indexicality associated with the analogical. The principle of specificity also implies that to become better at a particular exercise or skill, you must perform that exercise or skill. Does an object possess specificity to or for another object. Pdf an evaluation of the specificity, validity and.
This thesis has significance for educational policy, e. Discover the best sensitivity and specificity books and audiobooks. Artistic medium is an art critical concept that first arose in 18th century european discourse about art. Learn how to calculate basic accuracy statistics such as sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios and auc 2. Medium specificity video film, children, tv, director. A rejoinder to noel carrolls the philosophy of motion. Today, the term is used both to describe artistic practices and as a way to analyze artwork. The key difference between video and film is that videotape is magnetically coated and contains codes that trigger electronic signals to the projection apparatus, whether it be a tv monitor or a projector. The specificity principle simply states that training must go from highly general training to highly specific training. The following is taken from a paper on the detection of hiv.
Although both testrelated sensitivity and specificity must always be considered, these items often trade off with each other. Likelihood ratios may be more useful clinically, but sensitivity and specificity are more widely reported. Read sensitivity and specificity books like tmpd503. A medium in our culture can never operate in isolation. Within art history, the concepts of medium and medium specificity have been yoked to a notion of greenbergian formalism wherein every authentic work of art is caught in a selfreflexive spiral, referring only to itself and its own conditions of existence in painting, for example, flatness. Mcluhans famous refrain that fetishized medium specificity for the fiftiesthe medium is the message. Each section opens with a short essay laying out the specific dialectic and weaving. Seen in this context, the manual construction of images in digital. Sitespecificity unbound considering participatory mobility 1998 debating the specificity of television, onand offscreen about differences. The oed defines medium, in terms of the arts, as any raw material or mode of expression used in an artistic or creative activity. Sensitivity and specificity an overview sciencedirect topics. It is no longer an indexical media technology but, rather, a sub. The notion of medium is in fact much more complex than it appears at first.
In linking these two words to form the phrase mediumspecificity, a composite definition can be made. Understand reasons for differences in diagnostic accuracy. Does an object have specificity to or specificity for. Sensitivity and specificity of parallel or serial serological testing for detection of canine leishmania infection. It should be interpreted as a statistical rather than semantic property of index terms. Cissik, ms, cscs hether you are a recreational weight trainer, a weekend athlete, or a strength coach working with elite athletes, it is important to be principled when designing strength and conditioning programs. Under the principle of specificity, the demanding state can prosecute the extraditee only for the offense for which the extradition was granted and may not extradite the detainee to a third country for offenses committed before the initial extradition. A statistical interpretation of term specificity and its. Animals which tested positive in at least one of the tests above were. The first reason for low specificity was the separate categorisation of the mammographic and ultrasound images, which inevitably led to an increased recall rate and reduced specificity. Jan 01, 2008 in this issue of the journal of physiology, the results of study by burgomaster et al. Mediumspecificity is based on the distinct materiality of artistic media. Therefore, it is useful to gain a general understanding of how sensitivity and specificity translate into likelihood ratios.
Fitness professionals and coaches who understand the demands placed on the body during performance realize how important training specificity is for their athletes. Basic principles of strength training and conditioning w. Doane indexicality and the concept of medium specificity free download as pdf file. The first reason for low specificity was the separate categorisation of the mammographic and ultrasound images, which inevitably led. Peirces concept of indexicality, which has permeated film theory. Medium specificity suggests that a work of art can be said to be successful if it fulfills the promise contained in the medium used to bring the artwork into existence. The concept of mediumspecificity has had a profound impact on photography. Sensitivity and specificity an overview sciencedirect. Overall accuracy is calculated by the formula 90100. Read the indexical and the concept of medium specificity, differences. Medium specificity in film bibliography philpapers.
The next section will discuss how satiation depends on how much episodes seem to repeat each other. Sensitivity and specificity of mammography and adjunctive. Aug 20, 2017 what does the principle of specificity actually mean. In addition to sensitivity and specificity, the accuracy is also determined by how common the disease in the selected population. Subjects are screened using fasting plasma glucose with a low blood sugar cutpoint subjects are screened using fasting plasma glucose with a low blood sugar cutpoint. The dictionary defines media as all the communication devices and channels of communication used to. We should think of specificity as a function of term use. Introduction two indices are used to evaluate the accuracy of a test that predicts dichotomous outcomes e. The indexical and the concept of medium specificity mary ann doane. He introduced the terms sensitivity and specificity as measures of the validity of diagnostic tests, and an entire methodology including the concept of predictive value has developed in response to the geometric growth in and reliance on diagnostic testing in clinical practice. According to clement greenberg, who helped popularize the term, medium specificity holds that the unique and proper area of competence for.
The project of this issue is to reexamine the very concept of indexicality and its role in mass culture and modernity, to interrogate the desire for referentiality associated with technological media, and to analyze the notion of a medium and its usefulness within a range of disciplines. Specificity and positive predictive value are equal d. Satiation as repetition of an aspect people often attribute satiation to the body exceeding a physiological limit e. What medium can mean jacques ranciere translated by steven corcoran1 i will present some remarks here on the use of the notion of medium in art theory and the light cast on this notion by the case of photography.
Learn why it should be considered one of the most important principles to remember when creating a training program. Sensitivity and specificity are common clinimetric parameters that together define the ability of a measure to detect the presence or absence of a specific condition i. In its early history, photography struggled to establish itself as a legitimate art form. The ideal test should correctly identify all tested people with or without disease with 100% of accuracy, which is practically impossible. Basic principles of strength training and conditioning john m. The statement that the principle of specificity refers to the concept that improvements in the various fitness areas require specific kinds of activity is true. The medium specificity thesis that says each art form has its own domain of expression and exploration is discussed. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. This means that the activity must be relevant and appropriate to the sport. The principle of specificity refers to the concept that. By releasing art from the specificity of the medium, krauss argues, broodthaers effectively equated it to its pure exchange value.
But as a medium with its own properties, it plays an important role in the history of media institutions and aesthetics. Competitive sports require athletes to command an arsenal of options for executing skills so that they can make splitsecond adjustments in a variety of competitive situations. This paper, via tom gunnings work on digital media and the claim to. Diagnostic test and the gold standard diagnostic tests are all the tests that physician can use in the process of making the diagnosis of a particular disease. The concept of indexicality, or the indexical state of signification, was suggested by charles sanders peirce in his taxonomy of signs as objects of created or interpreted meaning. In response to mary ann doanes the indexical yumpu.
A journal of feminist cultural studies on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Individually, both tests presented sensitivity of 91. The indexical and the concept of medium specificity, mary anne doane notes. In this issue of the journal of physiology, the results of study by burgomaster et al. Sensitivity and specificity using the roc curve to. What does the principle of specificity actually mean. Analogue nostalgia and the aesthetics of digital remediation. The postmedium condition by alexandra zimnicaru on prezi. A diagnosis for rare conditions in the population of interest may result in high. Much debate can remain as to what a given medium best lends itself to. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value springerlink. Medium analysis has, historically, attempted to identify that out of which works of art and, more generally, art forms are created, in order to better articulate norms or standards by which works of art and art forms can be evaluated. Understanding sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. What matters in our cinematic experience is then less mediumspecificity than.
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